by Dr. Hermann Oldenberg, Professor at the University of Berlin, Editor of the Vinaya Pitakam and the Dipavamsa in Pali
Translated from the German by William Hoey, M.A., D.Lit., Member of the Royal Asiatic Society, Asiatic Society of Bengal, etc., of Her Majesty's Bengal Civil Service
Williams and Norgate
1882
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CONTENTS [PDF HERE]
• INTRODUCTION.
o CHAPTER I. INDIA AND BUDDHISM
India and the West, p. 1. The Triad of Buddha, the Doctrine, the Order, p. 6. Western and Eastern India The Brahman-castes, p. 7. The Aryans in India and their extension, p. 9. Aryan and Vedic culture, p. 10. The Indian peoples, p. 11. The Brahman-castes, p. 13.
o CHAPTER II. INDIAN PANTHEISM AND PESSIMISM BEFORE BUDDHA
Symbolism of the offering The Absolute, p. 16. Rudiments of Indian speculation, p. 17. Sacrifice and the symbolism of sacrifice, p. 20. The Atman, p. 25. The Brahma, p. 27. The Absolute as Atman-Brahma, p. 29. The Absolute and the External world, p. 32. Earlier and later forms of the Atman idea, p. 34. Conversation of Yajnavalkya with Maitreyi, p. 35. The non-ego, p. 38. Pessimism, Metempsychosis, Deliverance, p. 42. The Tempter Brahman, p. 54. The Kathaka-Upanishad, Naciketas and the God of Death, p. 54. The God of Death and Mara the Tempter, p. 58. Brahman, p. 59.
o CHAPTER III. ASCETICISM. MONASTIC ORDERS
Beginning of Monasticism, p. 61. Advance of asceticism from Western India to the East: formation of monastic orders, p. 63. Sects and heads of sects, p. 66. Sophistic, p. 68.
• PART I. BUDDHA S LIFE.
o CHAPTER I. THE CHARACTER OF TRADITION. LEGEND AND MYTH
Doubt of the historical reality of Buddha s personality; Buddha and the Sun-hero, p. 73. Basis of the traditions regarding Buddha: the sacred Pali literature, p. 75. Character of the memoranda regarding Buddha s person, p. 76. Want of an ancient biography of Buddha, p. 78. Biographical fragments handed down from ancient times, p. 81. Legendary elements, p. 82. Examination of the history of the attainment of delivering knowledge, p. 86. Character of the statements regarding the external surroundings of Buddha s life, p. 91.
o CHAPTER II. BUDDHA'S YOUTH
The Sakyas, p. 95. Buddha not a king s son, p. 99. Child hood, marriage, p. 100. Departure from home, p. 103. Period of fruitless search, p. 105. Decisive turning-point of his life, p. 107.
o CHAPTER III. BEGINNING OF THE TEACHER'S CAREER
The four-times seven days, p. 114. History of the Temptation, p. 116. The sermon at Benares, p. 123. The first disciples, p. 130. Further Conversions, p. 131.
o CHAPTER IV. BUDDHA'S WORK
Buddha's work, p. 140. Daily Life, p. 141. Rainy season and season of Itinerancy, p. 142. Allotment of the day, p. 149. Buddha s disciples, p. 150. Lay adherents, p. 162. Women, p. 164. Dialogue between Buddha and Visakha, p. 167. Buddha s opponents, p. 170. Brahmanism, p. 171. Buddha's criticism of the sacrificial system, p. 172. Relations with other monastic orders, Criticism of self-mortifications, p. 175. Buddha s method of teaching, p. 176. Dialect, p. 177. His discourses, their scholastic character, p. 178. Type of the histories of conversions, p. 184. Dialogues, p. 188. Analogy, Induction, p. 189. Similes, p. 190. Fables and Tales, p. 193. Poetical sayings, p. 193.
o CHAPTER V. BUDDHA S DEATH
• PART II. THE DOCTRINES OF BUDDHISM.
o CHAPTER I. THE TENET OF SUFFERING
Buddhism a doctrine of suffering and deliverance, p. 204. Its scholastic dialectic, p. 207. Difficulty of comprehension, p. 208. The four sacred truths. The first and Buddhist pessimism, p. 209. The Nothing and Suffering, p. 212. Dialectic foundation of pessimism; discussion of the non-ego, p. 213. The tone of Buddhist pessimism, p. 221.
o CHAPTER II. THE TENETS OF THE ORIGIN AND OF THE EXTINCTION OF SUFFERING
The formula of the causal nexus, p. 223. The third link in the chain of causality. Consciousness and corporeal form, p. 227. The fourth to the eleventh link in the chain of causality, p. 231. The first and second links of the causal chain, p. 237. Ignorance, p. 237. The Samkharas, p. 242. Kamma (moral retribution), p. 243. Being and Becoming. Substance and Formation, p. 247. Dhamma, Samkhara, p. 250. The Soul, p. 252. The Saint. The Ego. The Nirvana, p. 263. The Nirvana in this life, p. 264. The death of the Saint, p. 266. Is the Nirvana the Nothing? p. 267. Buddha s conversation with Vacchagotta, p. 272; with Malukya, p. 275. Disallowing the question as to the ultimate goal, p. 276. Veiled answers to the question: the conversation between Khema and Pasenadi, p. 278. Sariputta s conversation with Yamaka, p. 281.
o CHAPTER III. THE TENET OF THE PATH TO THE EXTINCTION OF SUFFERING
Duties to others, p. 286. The three categories of uprightness, self -concentration, and wisdom, p. 288. Prohibitions and commands, p. 290. Love and compassion, p. 292. Story of Long-life and Long-grief, p. 293. Story of Kunala, p. 296. Beneficence: the story of Vessantara, p. 302. The story of The Wise Hare, p. 303. Moral self-culture, p. 305. Mara, the Evil One, p. 309. The last stages of the path of salvation. Abstractions. Saints and Buddhas, p. 313.
• PART III. THE ORDER OF BUDDHA S DISCIPLES.
The constitution of the Order and its codes of laws, p. 332. The Order and the Dioceses. Admission and withdrawal, p. 336. Property. Clothing. Dwelling. Maintenance, p. 354. The Cultus, p. 369. The Order of Nuns, p. 377. The spiritual Order and the lay-world, p. 381.
• EXCURSUS. FIRST EXCURSUS. ON THE RELATIVE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OP VEDIC AND BUDDHIST CULTURE
Separate demarcation of Aryan and Vedic culture, p. 391. The enumeration of peoples in the Aitareya Brahmana Texts, p. 392. Ditto in Manu, p. 393. The stocks mentioned in the Brahmama Texts, p. 395. The Kurus, p. 396. Yajnavalkya and the Videhas, p. 397. The legend of Agni Vaievanara, p. 399. The Magadhas, p. 400. The stocks named in the Rik-Samhita, p. 401. The Turvacas, p. 404. The Tritsu-Bharatas, p. 405.
• SECOND EXCURSUS. NOTES AND AUTHORITIES ON THE HISTORY OF BUDDHA'S YOUTH
The Sakyas, p. 411. The name Gotama, p. 413. Buddha not a king s son, p. 416. His youth and departure from Kapilavatthu, p. 417. The period from Pabbajja to Sambodhi, p. 420. The Sambodhi, p. 424.
• THIRD EXCURSUS. APPENDICES AND AUTHORITIES ON SOME MATTERS OF BUDDHIST DOGMATIC
1. The Nirvana, p. 427. Upadhi, p. 427. Upadana, p. 429. Upadisesa, p. 433. Passages bearing on the Nirvana, p. 438. Nirvana and Parinirvana, p. 444. 2. Namarupa, p. 445. 3. The Four Stages of Holiness, p. 448.