Re: PALESTINE -- PEACE NOT APARTHEID, by Jimmy Carter
Posted:
Sun Oct 25, 2015 11:05 pm
by admin
INDEX
Page references in italics refer to maps.
Abbas, Mahmoud (Abu Mazen), 174,
179,180,203,208
Carter and, 172-73, 181-82
Oslo Agreement and, 133,158
as president of Palestinian
Authority, 172-73,182-83,185,
186,187,211,213,214
as prime minister of Palestinian
Authority, 158-59,162
at Roadmap summit meeting, 161
Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia, 100
Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia, 102,
156,157,211
Abdullah ibn-Hussein, King of
Jordan, 82-83,84
Abdullah II, King ofJordan, 88, 161
Abraham, 19,64, 120
Aelia Capitolina, 56
Afghanistan,209
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 18
AIPAC,130
Al-Aqsa Mosque, 149
Allen by Bridge, 28-29,82, 116, 121,
123
Amal, 97
American Indians, 27-28
Amman, 82,87, 113
Annan, Kofi, 159,202
apartheid, 30,189,215
Aqaba, 161, 168
)
Arabic language, 43, 56, 211
Arab League, 76, 94, 100,102, 130,
156
Peace Proposal of(2002), 14, 102,
205,211-12,238-40
Arabs,71-102
Christian, 56, 57,58,65,67 ,110,
114,121,126-27,142, 146,189,
194-95,200,201-2
domestic problems of, 14
Israeli, 68, 188
nationalism and, 57
recognition of Israel by, 13, 14, 17,
18,38,53,84,143-44,166,
184-86,207 ,208, 210,216
seventh-century conquest by, 56
see also Palestinians; specific countries
Arafat, Suha, 143
Arafat, Yasir, 37,42,95,109, 147,172,
177,179,208,213
Abbas and, 158-59
Carter and, 130,139-41,143-44
Clinton's proposal rejected by,
150-51
death of, 169
as father, 143
Geneva Initiative and, 167
G. W. Bush's call for ouster of, 157
Israeli attack on office compound
of,156-57
251
Arafat, Yasir (cont.)
1996 Palestinian election and, 142,
143,145
Nobel Peace Prize awarded to, 134
Oslo Agreement and, 133-36
Palestinian name of, 120
as PLO chairman, 59,62-63,94,
115,129,130,140
political self-interest ascribed to,
120
Taba peace talks and, 152
terrorism disavowed by, 129
arms-for-hostages scandal, 105
Ashkenazi Jews,41
Ashrawi, Hanan, 114,146, 154
Assad, Bashar al-, 80-81
Assad, Hafez al-, 42, 85,86,94,96, 97
Carter and, 7-80,81,130
character of, 72,73
death of, 80
Middle East perspective of, 74-80
power seized by, 73
in Yom Kippur War, 34,37
Atrash, Imad, 172
Avidar, Giora, 23,24, 26
Awad, Mubarak, 114
Baker, James, 130,131-32,141
Barak,Aharon,46,125-26
Barak, Ehud, 149, 150-51, 152
Barghouti, Marwan, 179, 198, 203 ,
213-14
Bar Lev, Haim, 31
Baz, Osama el-, 47
Begin, Menachem, 170
Carter's disappointment with, 106 7
Egypt-Israel peace negotiations
and, 42-52, 65, 68, 106, 109, 136;
see also Camp David Accords;
Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
elected prime minister of Israel, 32,
40-41
militant Zionist background of, 41
occupied territories policy of, 40
INDEX
Beilin,Yossi, 133,140,163-64,166,
181
Beirut, 44,94, 95-96,97, 113,156,
198
Beirut Center for Research and
Information,200
Benvenisti, Meron, 124-25
Bethlehem, 24,57 ,85, 132, 143,172,
194
Bible, 18-19, 22, 29,32,55,65,90,
112
Blair, Tony, 167
Blood of Abraham (Carter), 19n
B'Tselem (human rights
organization), 116-17
Buergenthal, Thomas, 193
Bush, George H.W.,132
administration of, 129-32
Bush, George W., 155-62,163,174,
193
dialogue engagement policy of,
202-3
Caesarea Maritima,109
Cairo, 35,51,89,113
Camp David Accords (1978),15,
45-51,54,64,80,91,95,104,
106-7, 113, 115, 136, 186,205 ,
207,215
Carter's more complete account of,
46n
contents of, 48-50
honoring and breeching of, 51-53,
106,109, 110,111
negotiating process for, 45-47
participants in, 46
PLO's later acceptance of, 130, 140
text of, 47-48,220-29
Camp David peace talks (2000), 149
Cana, 24,26
Canaan, Land of, 55
Capernaum, 24,26
Carter, Jimmy:
Assad and, 72-80,81
252
Bible studies and teaching by, 22,32
CINs briefing of, 93
Egypt-Israel peace negotiations
and, 39-53; see also Camp David
Accords; Egypt-Israel Peace
Treaty
elected president of U.S., 38,60
Geneva Initiative and, 163-68,
180-81
Middle East peace as goal of, 11
Middle East visits of, 21-35,43,51,
67-68,72,74,79,80-82,89-90,
94,96, 97,100-101, 103,106-7,
109-11,113-27, 130,133-34,
139-46,169-74,180-85, 211
Nobel Peace Prize awarded to, 164
at Oslo Agreement \Vhite House
signing ceremony, 134
Palestinians and, 113-27, 139-46
private and public comments made
in Israel to, 33
retired from White House, 11
subsequent U.S. administrations
and, 80-81,82,104,131, 141, 174
two-state solution supported by, 39,
113,140
Carter, Rosalynn, 22,44,74,81,82,
100,103, 106,107,114,117, 134,
139-40,143,144, 171,180,182
Carter Center, 105,166,184
elections monitored by, 139,
141-46,169-72,177
mission of, 103
Central Election Commission, 142,
171,181
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 93
Chazan, Naomi, 212-13
checkpoints, 141,142,145,151, 170,
175,195
Chirac,Jacques,167
Christians, 75, 80
Arab, 56,57,58,65,67,110,114,
121,126-27,142,146,189,
194-95,200
J
INDEX
denominations of, 127
holy sites of, 22, 24,90, 194
Jews persecuted by, 64-65
in Lebanon, 92,93,94,95
Mennonite,171
Church of the Annunciation, 24
Clinton, Bill, 134,138,147-54,
167
administration of, 134,163
Congress, U.S., 44,123,209
Crusades, 56,79,80
Damascus, 113,130
David, King of Israel, 56
Dayan, Moshe, 21,46,110
Dayan, Uri, 142,145
Dead Sea, 29
democracy, 69
Arab states and, 14
Carter Center's promotion of, 103,
139
in Israel, 32,68, 77, 127
NDI's promotion of, 141
Dome of the Rock, 149
Druze, 92,93
Dweik, Aziz, 185,198
Eastern Europe, 65
East Jerusalem, 69,75,151,189
Carter in, 111, 170-72, 182
in Geneva Initiative, 166
Jordan's control of, 83
1996 Palestinian election and,
142-43,144-45
Palestinian population of, 59n
Palestinians guaranteed ownership
of,28
rival claims to, 142
in Six-Day War, 84
in 2005 Palestinian election,
170-72
in 2006 Palestinian election, 182
U.N. Security Council Resolution
465 and, 52
253
Eban,Abba, 21,30,109
Egypt, 31,71,74,85,89-92,107,
108,163,175
Carter in, 51,89,139
Gaza Strip administered by, 57
Israeli tourists in (1980s), 89
land taken by Israel from, see Gaza
Strip
in 1948 war, 66
other Arab countries' relations
with, 43,52, 79,90,130
Palestinians in, 89
in peace negotiations with Israel,
39-53,64, 79,86,87,88,91-92,
106,109,205; see also Camp
Davjd Accords; Egypt Israel
Peace Treaty
population of, 90
in Six-Day War, 58-59
i11 United Arab Republic, 73
in Yom Kippur War, 34-35,37
Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty (1979), text
of, 230-33
elections, Israeli:
of1977,40
of1992,132
of1993,110
of 1996, 147
of 1999, 149
of2001, 154,155
of2006,188
electio11s,Lebanese:
of1982,95
of2005, 97,99
elections, Palestinian, 15, 137
of 1996, 139-46
Oslo Agreement and, 134,141
of2005,169-72
of2006,177-88,210
elections, U.S.:
of 1976,38,60
of 1980, 11, 51n
European Union, 16, 102n, 159,
207
INDEX
F ahd ibn Abd, King of Saudi Arabia,
100
Faisal, King of Iraq, 83
Fatah, al-, 59,144,145,173, 178,179,
181,182,183, 185,198,203,213
Fourth Geneva Convention, 193,197
France, 28,56,92-93,95
Galilee, Sea of; 26,27 ,58
Gaza City, 143
Gaza Strip, 17, 23,40,62,86,87, 89,
109,122,126,137,146,172,
174-76,210
ambulances not authorized in, 117
Camp David Accords and, 46, 48
Carter in, 114,116
in Clinton's proposal, 150
Egypt's administration of, 57
intifada's effect on, 135-36
Israel's 2006 bombardment and
reinvasion of, 176, 196, 197-98,
200,201
Israel's withdrawal from, 168,169,
173,174-75,177,183, 190,208
living conditions in, 175-76,190
in Mandate of Palestine, 56
1996 Palestinian election and, 141,
145,146
Palestinian population of, 59n, 175
Palestinians guaranteed ownership
of,28
refugee camps in, 58
settlements in, 104,151,168,
174-75,177,208
in Six-Day War, 22,59
U.N. Security Council resolutions
and, 39
village leagues in, 135
Gemayel, Amin, 96
Gemayel, Bashir, 95,96
Geneva Convention, Fourth, 193,197
Geneva Initiative (2003), 140, 152n,
163-68,165,180-81,205
provjsions of, 166
254
support for, 167
website for complete text of, 16611
Ghilardi, Claudia, 194
Golan Heights, 16,23,75, 98
Assad's proposal on, 130
Carter in, 26-27,72
Israel's annexation of, 72, 103-4
Israel's capture of, 22,26, 59, 72
Jewish settlements in, 26-27, 72, 77
in Yom Kippur War, 34
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 129
Great Britain, 84, 95
in creation of Middle East
countries, 83
Irgun actions against, 41
Palestine and, 56,57, 58,65-66, 83
"Greater Israel," 74, 130, 195
Greek Catholics, 92
Greek Orthodox Christians, 92,127
"greenline,"23
Gulf War, 131
Hamas, 13,17,146,176,181,186,
188,203,208,213,214
Carter and, 184
cease-fire and, 179, 184
Israel's imprisoning members of,
184,198
political strength ot~ 173, 177,
178-79,182-83,210
recognition of Israel opposed by,
144, 173-74,184-86
in 2006 Palestinian election, 177,
178-79,182-83,210
Haniyeh, Ismail, 185,186,203
Hariri, Rafiq, 99
Hariri, Sa ad, 99
Hassan, Crown Prince, 87
Hebrew Bible, 29,112
Hebrew language, 23,26,211
Hebrew University, 185
Hebron, 24,120-21,182
Herut Party (Israeli), 32
Herzliya Conference (2006),180
)
255
INDEX
Hezbo1lah, 13,17,93, 96-97,98,99,
198-202
High Court of Justice, Israeli, 117
Hit tin, battle of, 80
Holocaust, 18, 66
Holst, Johann, 133,134
holy sites, 76, 83
Christian, 22,24,90, 194
Geneva Initiative and, 166
Jewish, 120, 150
Muslim, 99,101,149, 150
Samaritan,26
tourist income from, 85
in U.N. partition plan, 57
hudna, 179,184
Hume, John, 167
Hussein, King of Jordan, 42,60,73,
80,82, 84-88, 109, 129
Husseini, Faisal, 114
International Court of Justice,
193-94
International Herald Tribune, 205
International Quartet, 181,183,186
members of, 102n, 159,207
peace proposal of, see Roadmap for
Peace
intifada, 105,135,179
second, 149-50,155,206
Iran, 13,14,18, 82,93,97,105,203,
209
Iraq, 14,43,58,66,67,81,83, 103,
131,203
Iraq War, 12-13
Irgun, 41,51
iron %11, The, 195n
Islam, see Muslims
Islamic fundamentalism, 13
Islamic law, 185
Israel:
Arab recognition of, 13,14, 17,18,
38,53,84,143-44,166,184-86,
207,208,210,216
arms embargo against, 28
INDEX
Israel (cont.):
in arms-for-hostages scandal, 105
in bilateral peace talks, 131
Carter in, 21-35,68,106-7,
109-11,180-85,211
class and ethnicity in, 41
Clinton's proposal and, 150-54,
148
disagreements and unity in, 68-69,
95,104,107-8,110,111-12,
175,188,209
dividing wall built by, see wall
dual nature of, 112
entering of, see border crossings;
checkpoints
historical overview of, 64-69
independence and 1949 borders of,
57-58,66, 76-77, .'(iii
Iraq's nuclear reactor destroyed by,
103
Jordan's peace treaty with, 80, 137,
205
Lebanese prisoners held by, 98
Lebanon invaded and occupied by,
44-45,60, 92,94-98, 104, 196,
198-200
military intelligence and, 31
national unity governments in, 132
1949-67 map of, xiv
1967-82 map of, 49
1982-2006 map of, 61
2002 map of, 153
nuclear weapons arsenal of, 12
Oslo Agreement and, 133-38
Palestinian land acquisition by, 13,
74,87,124-25,131, 174,190,
195-96,206,210
Palestinian population of, 59n
par1iament of, see Knesset
peace negotiations with Egypt and,
39-53, 64, 79,86, 87, 88,91-92,
106, 109,205; see also Camp
David Accords; Egypt-Israel
Peace Treaty
permanent legal borders of, 202,
207-8
PLO's attacks on, 44-45,60,79,85
political coalitions necessary in, 32
Roadmap for Peace rejected by,
159-60,241-46
secularity of, 26,29, 32
Shebaa Farms, 98
Soviet and Russian immigration to,
25-26,30,130
Syria's move on Lebanon approved
by, 94
Syria's relations with, 72
treatment of Palestinians justified
by,122-27
in 2006 conflict with Hezbollah,
17,198-202
unilateral decisions made by,
189-90,208,210
U.N. membership of, 74
U.N. partition plan map, xiii
U .N .Security Council resolutions
approved by, 59
U.S. immigration to, 30
Wye River Memorandum and, 149
see also wars
Israeli, adoption of term, 57
Israeli Civil Administration, 137
Israeli Defense Forces, 116-17
Israeli-Syrian withdrawal agreement
(1974),205
Israel-U.S. relationship, 17, 77, 202,
209
aid money in, 132
growing Arab animosity toward,
12
Israel's independence and, 66
Rabin-Carter relationship and, 22
in Reagan administration, 104-5,
108,112
2006 Israel-Hezbo1lah conflict and,
17,198-200
weapons and military supplies and,
31, 34,44-45
256
Jericho,24, 137,182
Jerusalem, 39,69,75,82,84,85,124,
132,152,164,186
Camp David Accords and, 47-48
Carter in, 23-24, 31-32,51 , 106,
110-11, 115,117,172
City of David (Old City), 24,166
in Clinton's proposal, 150
in Crusades, 80
PLO's office in, 114
under Roman rule, 56
Sadatin,42
in Six-Day War, 59
in U.N. partition plan, 57, xiii
see also East Jerusalem
Jesus, 24,26,28,171,194
Jewish Agency; 57
Jews:
Ashkenazi, 41
demographic decline of, 196
Diaspora and persecution of,
64-65,86
fleeing of Arab countries by, 67
holy sites of, 120,150
immigration to Palestine by, 65-66
as one people, 77
orthodox,32
Palestinians compared with, 86
Roman Empire and, 56
Sephardic, 40-41
Soviet, 130
in U.S., 38, 51n
John the Baptist, 28
Jordan, 16,42,43,52,71,73,74,
81-88,107,109, 161, 183
Carter in, 72,81-82
creation of, 83
crossing into Israel from, 28-29,
82,108,116,121, 123, 151
East Jerusalem controlled by, 66
independence of, 84
Israel's peace treaty with, 80, 137,
205
in Mandate of Palestine, 56
)
INDEX
Palestinian refu
g
ees in 58
8
7
83
, , ~, ,
85,86
peace talks held between Israe] and
,
131
PLO ousted from, 60, 64, 85
in Six-Day War, 59,84-85
West Bank controlled by, 57, 66,
83-84, 129; see also West Bank
Jordan River, 22,24,28-29,56,58,
81
Jordan River valley, 87, 150,151,174,
195-96
Judaea, 56
Kadima Party (Israel), 178, 180, 188
Keeping Faith (Carter), 46n
Khalid, King of Saudi Arabia,
100-101
Khalil, Samiha, 142
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 97
kibbutzim,26-27
King, Martin Luther,Jr. 187
Kingdom of David, 15-16
Kissinger, Henry, 35,72
Knesset, 31-32,68,107, 119,125,
169,172,188,211,212
Korea, People's Democratic Republic
of (North Korea), 14,209
Kuperwasser, Yossi, 202
Kuttab,Jonathan,212
Kuwait, 131
Labor Party (Israel), 30,32,40,132,
149,181,188
Landau, Uzi, 156-57
Larsen, Terje, 133,134
League of Nations, 56
Lebanon, 16,71,74,79, 80, 82,
92-99,156, 203
arms-for-hostages scandal and,
105
Carter in, 96, 97
civil war in, 94
formation of, 92
257
Lebanon (cont,)
Israel's invasions and occupation of,
44-45,60,92,94-98,104,196,
198-202
neutrality sought by, 93-94,98
in 1948 war, 66
Palestinian refugees in, 58,60, 95
peace talks held between Syria and,
131
PLO in, 60,64,85, 94,95-96,
104
PLO's attacks on Israel launched
from, 44, 60, 94
religious and political divisions in,
92-95, 97,99
Shebaa Farms region and, 98-99,
198,200
Syria's control of, 60,76,80,94, 96,
99
in 2006 conflict between Hezbollah
and Israel, 17,198-202
Leshem, Yossi, 172
Likud Party, 40,51,105,108-9, 110,
125,132,147,178,180, 188
Livni, Tzipi, 181
Madrid peace conference (1991 ), 15,
131
Mandate of Palestine, 56,57,75,83
Mandela, Nelson, 167
Marine Corp, U.S., 97
Maronite Christians, 92,93, 95
Meir, Golda, 21,24,27,82
Carter's meetings with, 23,31-32
resignation of, 37
Mennonite Christians, 171
Middle East:
Assad's views on, 74-80
bilateral peace talks held for, 131
Carter in, 21-35,43,51,67-68,72,
80-82,89-90,94, 96,97,
100-101, 103,106-7, 109-11,
113-27,130,133-34,139-46,
169-74,180-85,211
INDEX
Carter's previous book on, 19n
current pOlitical map of, xii
global peace threatened by
instability in, 11-12
impediments to peace in, 13-14,
67,88, 91-92, 101, 105,110,
112,138,147,154,157, 162,
189,205-6,208-9
requirements for peace in, 15-18,
71,187,200,206-8, 212-13,216
see also specific countries
military tribunals, 114, 118-19, 197
Mitterrand, Franr;ois, 141
Moses, 90
Mount of Olives, 143,194
Mount Sinai, 90
Mubarak, Hosni, 91
Muhammad, Prophet, 64, 83
Muslims, 64,88
fundamentalist, 13
holy sites of, 99,101,149,150
Jews and Christians compared by,
64-65
in Lebanon, 92-93,94,95
Ramadan and, 144
seventh-centuryconquest by, 56
Sunni-Sbia split among, 13
My Life (Clinton), 138
Nasrallah, Hassan, 97,202
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 73, 85
Natashe, Abed al-Halak, 213-14
National Democratic Institute (NDI),
141,169,177
Nazareth,24-26
Nazareth Village, 171
Negev desert, 58, 169
Netanya,156
Netanyahu, Binyamin, 147
Nicaraguan Contras, 105
Nobel Peace Prize, 91,134,164,207
nuclear weapons:
on alert in Yom Kippur War, 35
Israel's arsenal of, 12
258
occupied territories, 34,43,59,67,
69,140,162,209
Begin's policy regarding, 40
Camp David Accords and, 46-50,
52-53,80
financial isolation of, 87
forced exit of non-Jews from, 121
Israeli opinions regarding, 23, 30
Jordanian views of, 86-88
1996 Palestinian election and,
141-46
Oslo Agreement and, 135-37
Palestinian National Authority's
jurisdiction in, 63n
Palestinians isolated in, 141,
151-52,175-76,190, 195,210
Reagan administration's position
on, 104-5,108
social changes in, 87
U.N. Security Council resolutions
and, 38-39,59,207
water issues in, 28,58,87 ,112, 121,
151,168,192
see also East Jerusalem; Gaza; Golan
Heights; settlements; wall; West
Bank
Olmert, Ehud, 140-51,173,177-78,
180,186,190,198,202
Oslo Agreement (1993), 133-38,141,
143,149,152,158,163,178,
184,205,213,215
Israel's advantages gained from,
135-37
Nobel Peace Prize awarded for,
134,207
provisions of, 134
Sharon's opposition to, 147,155
Vi1hite House signing ceremony
held for, 134
Ottoman Empire, 56,65,83, 92
Palestine:
Great Britain and, 41, 56, 57,58,
65-66, 83
.Ji
INDEX
history of, 55-60
Jewish immigration to, 6-)-66
other names for, 55-56
population and religious
demographics of, 58,65-66
U.N. partition and, 28, 57-58
Palestine Liberation Organization
(PLO), 43,52,105,115,162,
163,184,186,187, 214
Camp David Accords discussed by,
130,140
Carter and, 130, 139-41
charter of, 146
financial Support for, 85
formation of, 58
goals of, 62-63
Hamas's challenge to, 173-74,178
Israel attacked by, 44-45,60,79,
85,94
Israeli ambassador assassinated by,
94
Jerusalem office of, 114
in Lebanon, 60,64,85,94,95-96,
104
Oslo Agreement and, 133-38
Ousted from Jordan, 60, 64, 85
political status of, 37-38, 59-60,
63-64, 104
popular support for, 119-20
U.N. observer status of, 60,63
U.N. Security Council resolutions
accepted by, 129, 134-35
U.S. and, 38,42,129
Palestine National Charter, 143
Palestinian Agricultural Relief
Committees (PARC), 195n
Palestinian Legislative Council, 141,
143-46, 177
Palestinian National Authority, 137,
158
bankruptcy faced by, 181,182
formation and jurisdiction of, 63n,
134
Israel's refusal to recognize, 184
259
Palestinian National Council, 135
Palestinian refugees, 67, 110, 187
Carter's position on, 39, 140
compensation and, 28,74
in Gaza Strip, 58, 5971, 175
Geneva Initiative and, 166
in Jordan, 58,82,83,85, 86
in Lebanon, 58,60, 95
number of, .)8, 59n
right of return and, 28,43,62,74,
150,164,166,167
in Syria, 58
in West Bank, 58, 59n
Palestinians:
American Indians compared with,
27-28
Assad's views on, 77
border-crossing delays of, 116
Camp David Accords and, 46,
48-50
Carter's visits with, 113-27,139-46
citizenship and, 111
Clinton's proposal and, 150-54,148
complaints to Carter by, 116-27
definition of, 57-58
destruction of homes of, 116-17,
122,123
Geneva Initiative response of, 167
imprisonment of, 196-97
interception of foreign aid sent to,
122,123-24,210
intifadas and, 105,135,149-50,155
Israel's acquisition of land of, 13,
74,87,124-25,131,174,190,
195-96,206,210
jews compared with, 86
leadership of, 13, 203; see also
elections, Palestinian
Likud's position on, 108-9
Meir on identity of, 27
overview of, 55-64
peace talks held between Israel and,
131
population of, 58, 59n
INDEX
in prison, 146
range of concerns of, 61
right to self-determination of, 14,
17,18,48,50,52,80, 193,213
Roadmap for Peace and, 159
sale of manufactured goods and
farm produce forbidden to, 121,
176,183
single-mindedness of, 187
state advocated for, see two-state
solution
Wye River Memorandum and, 149
Paris, 130,139-41
Peres, Shimon, 133,134,138,142,
146,147,181
Peretz, Amir, 181
Philistines, 55
Powell, Colin, 157,167
prisoners:
exchanges of, 196, 197-98, 200
held by Israel, 146, 184, 196-97,
210,214
Qalqiliya, 192
Qana, 98
Quartet, see International Quartet
Qurei, Ahmed (Abu Ala), 133
Rabbo, Yasser Abed, 163,166
Rabin, Yitzhak, 21
assassination of, 138
Carter and, 22,24,29-30
Nobel Peace Prize awarded to, 134
Oslo Agreement and, 133-34,
136-37
as prime minister of Israel, 37, 40,
132
in Six-Day War, 22
Ramahi, Mahmoud, 184-85
Ramallah, 143,146,156-57,172,181,
182,184
Reagan, Ronald, 87,95,104-5,108,
205
administration of, 103-12
260
"realignment,"210
religious parties, Jewish, 32,127
Rice, Condoleezza, 174
Roadmap for Peace, 173,174, 178,
187,189,202-3,205,206, 207,
213,215,216
announcement of, 159
flawof, 167
ignoring or abandoning of, 160,
162,202
Israel's reservations about, 159-60,
241-46
summit meeting held for, 161
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 100
Russia, 16, 30,93
in International Quartet, 102n,
159,207
see also Soviet Union
Russian Orthodox Christians, 93
Sabra and Shatila refugee camps, 95
Sadat, Anwar, 85-86,90
assassination of, 79,91
Carter's relationship with, 89
Egypt-Israel peace negotiations
and, 39-40,42-52, 65, 109; see
also Camp David Accords;
Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
Jews and Christians compared by,
64-65
Nobel Peace Prize awarded to, 90
in Yom Kippur War, 34,37
Sadat,Jehan,44
St. Catherine's Monastery, 90
Saladin, 80
Samaritans, 26, 142
Santa Marta Monastery, 194
Saudi Arabia, 43,71,99-102
Carter in, 100-101
regional importance of, 99-100,
102
U.S. and, 100
Sea of Galilee, 26,27,58
Second Jewish Revolt, 56
J
INDEX
Sephardic J ews, 40-41
settlements, 91, 112,147,158,163,
212
acquisition of land for, 124-25
Camp David Accords and, 50
in Clinton's proposal, 150
freezing of, 87
in Gaza Strip, 104,151,168,
174-75,177,208
in Geneva Initiative, 166
G. H. W. Bush's policy on, 130-32
in Golan Heights, 26-27,72, 77
growth of, 150-51
Likud policy on, 105
2002 map of, 153
U .N .Security Council resolutions
on, 27,38-39,52
U.S. and, 120
in West Bank, 104,107,125,
150-51,187,189,202
Shamir, Yitzhak, 108-9,140
Sharm al-Sheikh, 149
Sharon, Ariel, 168,173,180,190
Arafatand, 156-57, Ib3
Carter and, 169-70
elected prime minister, 154, 155
Geneva Initiative condemned by,
167
Hussein's overthrow advocated by,
109
illness of, 177
Kadima Party formed by, 178
Oslo Agreement opposed by, 147,
155
at Roadmap summit meeting, 161
Sabra and Shatila massacre and, 95
settlement enlargement
encouraged by, 147
at Temple Mount, 149,158
village leagues installed in occupied
territories by, 135
Shas Party (Israel), 188
Shebaa Farms, 98-99, 198,200
ShiaMuslims,13,92,97
261
Shultz, George, 108
Sinai, Mount, 90
Sinai desert, 22,23, 34,43,46, 47, 50,
59,106,109,175, 207-8
Siniora, Fouad, 199
Six-Day War, 25,29,31,51,73, 74
land taken by Israel in, 22,59, 67,
72, 84-85, 98, see also occupied
territories
outbreak of, 58-59
South Africa, Republic of, 30,189
Soviet Union, 38,43
Arabs armed by, 34
emigration to Israel from, 25-26,
130
glasnost era jn, 129
Madrid peace conference and, 131
Syria aided by, 73-74, 129-30
Yom Kippur War and, 34-35
see also Russia
State Department, U.S., 44,131
Straits ofTiran, 58
Suez Canal, 22,50
suicide bombings, 147,155-56,194,
206,213
Sunni Muslims, 13,92, 99
Supreme Court, Israeli, 116,125-26,
194
"Sword of the Spirit," 29
Syrja, 31,42, 67, 71-81,93, 97, 132,
137,156
Carter in, 72,79,94,130,139
Hariri's assassination and, 99
Israel's relations with, 72
Israel's withdrawal agreement with,
205
land taken by Israel from, see Golan
Heights
Lebanon controlled by, 60,76,80,
94, 96, 99
Madrid peace conference and,
131
in 1948 war, 66
Palestinian refugees in, 58
INDEX
relations broken off between Egypt
and,43
Shebaa Farms and, 98-99
in Six-Day War, 59
Soviet aid to, 73-74,129-30
in United Arab Republic, 73
U.S. relations with, 81, 203
in Yom Kippur War, 34, 37
Syria Palaestina, 56
Tabapeacetalks(2001), 152,163
Tel Aviv, 122
Temple Mount, 84,149,150,158,166
terrorism, 13,15,77,123,154,158,
185
PLO's disavowal of, 129, 135,178
see also suicide bombings
Tiran, Straits of, 58
Transjordan, 66,83
Truman, Harry, 66
Truman Research Institute, 185
Turks, Ottoman, 56,65, 83,92
two-state solution, 213
Barghouti and Natashe's
endorsement of, 213-16
Camp David Accords and, 48
Carter's support for, 39,113,140,
166
Clinton's proposal for, 150
in Geneva Initiative, 166,167
G. W. Bush's support for, 157
Palestinian support for, 185,203,
211
in Roadmap for Peace, 162
United Arab Republic, 73
United Nations, 16, 18,30,81,
120-21,156,193
Emergency Forces of, 59
in International Quartet, 102n,
159,207
Israel admitted to, 74
Israel's 1949 borders recognized by,
57
262
Israel's attack on Qana outpost of,
98
Palestine partition plan of, xiii, 28,
57-58
peace-keeping troops of, 45,59
PLO's observer status in, 60, 63
relief agencies of, 84
Security Council vetoes of, 209-10
Special Rapporteur on the Right to
Food of, 176
U.N. Security Council Resolution
194(1948),156,166
U .N .Security Council Resolution
242 (1967),38,73-74, 111, 156,
158,212,215
Camp David Accords and, 47, 48, 50
Israel's compliance with, 107 , 149
1949 borders of Israel confirmed
by, 38,207
PLO acceptance of, 38,134-35
text of, 217-18
U.N. Security Council Resolution
338 (1973),38,73-74,212
Camp David Accords and, 48
Israel's compliance with, 149
PLO's acceptance of, 134-35
text of, 219
U.N. Security Council Resolution
465 (1980):
settlements and, 52
text of, 234-37
U.N. Security Council Resolution
1559 (2004),99
U.N. Security Council Resolution
1701 (2006),200
U.N. Security Council resolutions,
14,44-45,157,162,214
Clinton's proposaJ as replacement
for, 150
occupied territories and, 38-39, 59
PLO's acceptance of, 129,134-35
regarding settlements, 27,38-39
United States:
Assad's views of, 78
)
INDEX
financial support for settlements
and, 120
honest broker role of, 16
immigration to Israel from, 30
in International Quartet, 102n,
159,207
Israel's 1949 borders recognized by,
57
Jewsin,38,51n
Lebanon and, 95-96,97
Madrid peace conference and, 131
other foreign affairs concerns of, 14
peace efforts abandoned by, 206
peace talks sponsored by, 149
PLO and, 38,42,129
recent lack of Middle East peace
efforts by, 13,202-3
Saudi Arabia and, 100, 102
Security Council veto of, 209-10
Soviet Union and, 129
Syria's move on Lebanon approved
by,94
Syria's relations with, 8J .203
U.N. Security Council resolutions
and, 38-39,44-45, 59
Yom Kippur War and, 34-35
see also Israel U.S. relationship
Upper Nazareth, 25
USAID (U.S. Agency for
International Development),
122,123-24
village leagues, 135
Walesa, Lech, 167
wall, 178,180,188,189-200, 191
declared illegal, 193-94
description of, 190-92
Palestinian land acquisition and,
174,190,195-96
"permanent resident permits" and,
192
as security fence, 174, 190, 194
war crimes, 117
263
INDEX
wars between Arabs and Israel:
casualty figures in, 67, 110, 155 ,
206
civilian casualties in, 17, 95, 98,
198-99
cycle of violence and retaliation in,
15,60,67 ,85, 197-99,206, 210
of 1948,57-58,65, 72,83
see also Lebanon, Israel's invasions
and occupation of; Six-Day War;
Yom Kippur War
water, 28, 58,87 , 112, 121, 151,168,
192
Weizman, Ezer, 46, 50-51,109-10
Weizman, Reuma, 109
Weizmann, Chaim, 34
West Bank, 16,23,34,40,62,69,75,
81,86,87,109,115,122,125,
146,172,209,210
Camp David Accords and, 46,48,
52-53
Carter in, 29-30,114
in Clinton's proposal, 150,148
fragmentation of, 151
Geneva Initiative and, 164-65, 167
imprisonment of Hamas members
in, 184,198
intifada's effect on, 135-36
Israel's "belligerent occupation" of,
194
Jordan's control of, 57, 66,83-84,
129
in Mandate of Palestine, 56
1996 Palestinian election and, 141,
146
Oslo Agreement and, 134
Palestinian population of, 59n,
83-84
Palestinians guaranteed ownership
of,28
refugee camps in, 58,83
settlements in, 104,107,125,
150-51,187 ,189, 202
in Six-Day War, 22,29,59, 85
Taba peace talks and, 152
U.N. Security Council resolutions
and,39
village leagues in, 135
wall in, see wall
Western Europe, 65
Western Wall, 150,166
White House, 134
Wolfensohn, james, 181
women in 1996 Palestinian election,
142,145,146
World War I, 56,65,83, 92
World War II, 86
Holocaust and, 18, 66
Wye River Memorandum (1998),
149
Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial, 106
Yemen,133-34
Yom Kippur War:
outbreak and outcome of, 34-35
political effects of, 37
Zahar,Mahmoudal-, 144,185
Zeira, Eliahu, 31
Zionism, 41,51, 57, 65-66
264
INDEX
wars betWeen Arabs and Israel:
casualty figures in, 67, 110, 155 ,
206
civilian casualties in, 17, 95, 98,
198-99
cycle of violence and retaliation in,
15,60,67 ,85, 197-99,206, 210
of 1948,57-58,65, 72,83
see also Lebanon, Israel's invasions
and occupation of; Six-Day War;
Yom Kippur War
water, 28, 58,87 , 112, 121, 151,168,
192
Weizman, Ezer, 46, 50-51,109-10
Weizman, Reuma, 109
Weizmann, Chaim, 34
West Bank, 16,23,34,40,62,69,75,
81,86,87,109,115,122,125,
146,172,209,210
Camp David Accords and, 46,48,
52-53
Carter in, 29-30,114
in Clinton's proposal, 150,148
fragmentation of, 151
Geneva Initiative and, 164-65, 167
imprisonment ofHamas members
in, 184,198
intifada's effect on, 135-36
Israel's "belligerent occupation" of,
194
Jordan's control of, 57, 66,83-84,
129
in Mandate of Palestine, 56
1996 Palestinian election and, 141,
146
Oslo Agreement and, 134
Palestinian population of, 59n,
83-84
Palestinians guaranteed ownership
of, 28
refugee camps in, 58,83
settlements in, 104,107,125,
150-51,187 ,189, 202
in Six-Day War, 22,29,59, 85
Taba peace talks and, 152
U.N. Security Council resolutions
and,39
village leagues in, 135
wall in, see wall
Western Europe, 65
Western Wall, 150,166
White House, 134
Wolfensohn, James, 181
women in 1996 Palestinian election,
142,145,146
World War I, 56,65,83, 92
World War II, 86
Holocaust and, 18, 66
Wye River Memorandum (1998),
149
Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial, 106
Yemen,133-34
Yom Kippur War:
outbreak and outcome of, 34-35
political effects of, 37
Zahar, Mahmoudal-, 144,185
Zeira, Eliahu, 31
Zionism, 41,51, 57, 65-66
264