Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy: A Report Prepared
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Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy: A Report Prepared by the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate
by Committee on Foreign Relations, Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island, Chairman
Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, John F. Kerry, Massachusetts, Chairman
100th Congress, 2d session
December 1988
NOTICE: THIS WORK MAY BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT
Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy: A Report Prepared by the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island, Chairman
JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware
PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland
ALAN CRANSTON, California
CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut
JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts
PAUL SIMON, Illinois
TERRY SANFORD, North Carolina
BROCK ADAMS, Washington
DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN, New York
JESSE HELMS, North Carolina
RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana
NANCY L. KASSEBAUM, Kansas
RUDY BOSCHWITZ, Minnesota
LARRY PRESSLER, South Dakota
FRANK H. MURKOWSKI, Alaska
PAUL S. TRIBLE, JR., Virginia
DANIEL J. EVANS, Washington
MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky
GERYLD B. CHRISTIANSON, Staff Director
JAMES P. LUCIER, Minority Staff Director
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NARCOTICS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS
JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman
BROCK ADAMS, Washington
DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN, New York
MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky
FRANK H. MURKOWSKI, Alaska
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
• Letter of Transmittal
• 1. Executive Summary and Conclusions
o Past Failures
o Policy and Priorities
o Administrative Recommendations
o Specific Legislative Recommendations
• 2. Introduction
o Origins and Methodology
o The Scope of the Threat
o Domestic Effects of International Drug Trafficking
o Effects on Foreign Countries
o The National Security Implications of the Drug Trade
o Synopsis of the Report
o Open Issues and Subjects Requiring Further Investigation
• 3. The Bahamas
o Introduction
o Growth of Official Corruption with Vesco and Bannister
o Use of Norman's Cay for Smuggling
o Response by U.S. to Lehder Problem
o Extent of Bahamian Corruption Today
o Bahamas Seeks to Influence U.S. Policymakers
o Bahamian "Cooperation"
o Conclusions
o Appendix: State Declassified Material
• 4. Colombia
o Introduction
o Origins of Narcotics Trafficking in Colombia
o Origin of the Cartels
o Organization and Wealth
o The Cartel's War Against the Colombian Government
o Adequacy of Legal and Law Enforcement Measures
o Conclusions
• 5. Narcotics Traffickers and the Contras
o Introduction
o Executive Branch Response to Contra Drug Allegations
o The Guns and Drug Smuggling Infrastructure Develops
o Drug Trafficking and the Covert War
o The Pilots
o U.S. Government Funds and Companies with Drug Connections
A. SETCO/HONDU CARIB
B. FRIGORIFICOS DE PUNTERENNAS
C. DIACSA
D. VORTEX
o The case of George Morales and FRS/ARDE
o John Hull
o San Francisco Frogman Case, UDN-FARN and PCNE
o The Cuban-American Connection
o Ramon-Milian Rodriguez and Felix Rodriguez
• 6. Cuba and Nicaragua
o Introduction
o Historical Background
o Cuba As a Way-Station for Smugglers
o Case History: George Morales
o Ideological Use of Drugs
o Cuba, Panama and the Cartel
o Castro Denies Involvement
o Allegations Concerning Nicaragua
o Summary and Conclusions
• 7. Haiti
o Introduction
o The Colombians Move In
o The Miami Connection
o DEA's Operations in Miami and in Haiti
o Conclusions
• 8. Honduras
o Introduction
o History of Narcotics Trafficking in Honduras
o Bueso-Rosa, Latchinian and Narco-Terrorism
o Ramon Matta Ballesteros
o Rigoberto Regalado Lara
o Policy Issues
• 9. Panama
o Introduction
o Origins of Corruption in Money Laundering
o Early Panamanian Involvement in Narcotics
o Noriega's Corruption of Panamanian Institutions
o Noriega's Involvement in the Arms Business
o Noriega and the Cartel
o Noriega's U.S. Partners
o U.S. Knowledge of Noriega's Activities
o Why Did the U.S. Fail to Respond to Noriega Allegations?
o Mixed Messages
o Conclusion
o Appendix: GAD-NSC Correspondence
• 10. Money
o Introduction
o Defining the Problem of Money Laundering
o The Bank Secrecy Act Restricts Money Laundering
o The International Loophole
o Case Histories
Cayman Islands
Bahamas
Panama
o One Money Launderer's Experience
o U.S. Response to the Problem
o Effectiveness of Current Reporting Requirements
o Summary and Conclusions
• 11. Law Enforcement vs. National Security: Confused Priorities
o Introduction
o Barry Seal and the Cartel
o Bueso-Rosa and the Contras
o Intelligence vs. Law Enforcement
o Misguided Priorities
o Consequences of Privatizing U.S. Foreign Policy
o Case Studies
Michael Palmer
Frank Camper
Richard Brennecke
Conclusion
• 12. Conclusions
o National Security Issues
o Federal Priorities
o Covert Activity Issues
o Law Enforcement Issues
o Money Laundering Issues
o Personnel Issues
o Neutrality Act
• Appendixes
• A. Narcotics and the North Notebooks
o Summary
o Committee Action
o Selected Drug Related Entries
• B. Allegations of Interference With the Committee Investigation
o Allegations of Interference
o Chronology
• C. Witness List
o Witnesses
o Writs
o Subpoenas
o Depositions
• Appendix
• The Exhibits consist of documents referred to in footnotes.
• ABA Report, 1988, "Criminal Justice in Crisis"
• State Department International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), March 1988, Paraguay
• State Department INCSR, 1989, Mexico
• London Sunday Times Magazine, September 29, 1985: Paradise Lost
• State Department INCSR, 1988, Bahamas
• NBC Nightly News, April 30, 1987
• State Department INCSR, 1988, Bahamas
• State Department INCSR, 1989, Bahamas
• Black, Manafort and Stone, Proposal for the Government of the Bahamas
• Bruce Bagley, "Colombia and the War on Drugs," Foreign Affairs
• State Department INCSR, 1987, Colombia
• The Miami Herald, November 29, 1987, "The Medellin Cartel"
• The Miami Herald, December 2, 1987, "Little Man Led to Big Drug Bust"
• The Miami Herald, December 3, 1987, "Cartel's Killers Stalked Heroic Cop For a Year"
• State Department INCSR, 1988, Colombia
• State Dept. Doc. No. 3079c "Allegations of Misconduct of the Nicaraguan Resistance," March, 1986
• State Dept. Doc. No. 5136c "Allegations of Drug Trafficking and the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance," July 26, 1986
• North Notebooks, "Pastora Revealed as Drug Dealer"
• Memo, Robert Owen to Oliver North, April 1, 1985
• Letter, Eden Pastora to Elliot Abrams and David Sullivan, April 10, 1986
• Customs Report, Guy Penilton Owen, May 9, 1983
• Shippers Export Declaration, R/M Equipment, Inc., for Hondu Carib Cargo to Armed Forces of Honduras February 28, 1985
• Notebook found aboard Hondu Carib plane, "Rob Owens"
• Statements, Carlos Soto, in re: Luis Rodriguez, April 3, 1987
• Statements, Carlos Soto, in re: Luis Rodriguez, May 8, 1987
• Statements, Carlos Soto, in re: Luis Rodriguez, June 17, 1987
• Florida Dept. of Law Enforcement Investigative Report, Eugenio Garcia, April 4, 1987
• Testimony of Carlos Soto, September 29, 1987
• Indictment, U.S. v. Floyd Carlton-Caceres et al.
• Affidavit of DEA Agent Moritz, U.S. v. Carlton
• U.S. v. Caballero Motion for Permission to Travel
• Indictment, U.S. v. Luis Rodriguez
• Frigorificos Account, NHAO< GAO Summary
• NHAO Signature Cards, Frigorificos de Punterennas
• NHAO Records, Frigorificos
• Ocean Hunter, Inc. corporate records
• Mr. Shrimp; NCP Trading Florida corp. records
• Aquarius Seafood, Florida corp. records
• FBI Investigative Report of George Kiszynski, from DC Diaz re Continental Bank Bombing
• Letter from John C. Lawn to Senator Kerry re: Morales Polygraph, January 13, 1989
• North notebook entries re "John Hull"
• Newsweek, "The CIA Blows An Asset"
• San Francisco Examiner, letter to the Editor from U.S. Attorney Joseph Russoniello
• Teletype to FBI Director re Zavala/Cabezas
• CBS Evening News, June 12, 1986
• State Department documents, NHAO, back up documents to Frigorificos de Punterennas notarized by "Francisco Aviles Saenz"
• FBI 302's of George Kiszynski, including statements of Rafael Tores Jimenez, Rene Corvo, Joseph Marcos, Francisco Hernandez
• San Francisco Examiner, "Big Bay Area Cocaine Ring Tied to Contras," March 16, 1986
• Letter from John Bolton to Senator Claiborne Pell and Senator Richard G. Lugar, August 11, 1986
• All Things Considered, May 5, 1986
• Shippers Export Declaration, Florida Air Leasing Corp., March 6, 1985, for "medical supplies" for "Salvadoran Refugees"
• Florida Aircraft Leasing Corp Invoice to "American Flyers," for Fort Lauderdale-San Salvador-Ford Lauderdale
• Florida Aircraft Leasing Declaration, March 6, 1985
• Business Cards, Moises Nunez, Frank Chanes, from FBI Investigative Files released in U.S. v. Corbo
• Customs Report, interview with Ramon Milian Rodriguez, May 6, 1983
• FBI 302, interview with Frank Castro:
o August 10, 1987
o August 20, 1987
o March 8, 1985
• Customs Report, interview with Ramon Milian Rodriguez, May 4, 1983
• Redacted copy of DEA interview of "Miami Attorney"
• State Department INCSR, 1988:
o Cuba
o Haiti
o Honduras
• New York Times, "Military Officers in Honduras Linked to Drug Trade," February 12, 1988, James LeMoyne
• Washington Post, December 7, 1987, "U.S. Looks at Honduras as Drug Transfer Point"
• Memorandum from Jose Blandon to Subcommittee, February 1988
• Panama A Haven For Traffickers, Knut Royce, June 1985
• The Times Union, June 10, 1985, "Panama military officers deemed drug traffickers," Knut Royce
• New York Times, "Panamanian Strongman Said to Trade in Drugs, Arms and Illicit Money," June 12, 1986, Seymour Hersh
• NBC Nightly News, February 22, 1989
• Reuters, February 25, 1987, re Bueso-Rosa
• AP, February 25, 1987, "North Erred in Defending Convicted Honduran," George Gedda
• AP, April 14, 1987, "North Got FBI Report on Contra-Supply Probe, Officials Say"
• Report, Pegasus/Camper, December 12, 1984
• MemCom, Jeffrey Feldman, November 18, 1987, Internal Security Section, Criminal Division, Justice Department
• Christian Science Monitor, "Justice Officials Find No Crime Link to Contra Leaders," May 6, 1986, Warren Richey
• U.S. Department of Justice, Memo from Ken Bergquist to Steve Trott, re Upcoming "Contra" Hearings in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, May 13, 1986
• Attendees at May 6, 1986 Meeting Between Foreign Relations Committee and government agencies
• Messick MemCom, May 6, 1986 meeting
• Deposition of Leon B. Kellner, Esq., November 8, 1989
• Narcotics Investigation, October 5, 1988 (with attachments)
• Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy, Central America, September 28, 1987 (with attachments)
• Deposition of Thomas E. Marum, October 25, 1988
• Deposition of Mark N. Richard, November 7, 1988
by Committee on Foreign Relations, Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island, Chairman
Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, John F. Kerry, Massachusetts, Chairman
100th Congress, 2d session
December 1988
NOTICE: THIS WORK MAY BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT
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Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy: A Report Prepared by the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island, Chairman
JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware
PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland
ALAN CRANSTON, California
CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut
JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts
PAUL SIMON, Illinois
TERRY SANFORD, North Carolina
BROCK ADAMS, Washington
DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN, New York
JESSE HELMS, North Carolina
RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana
NANCY L. KASSEBAUM, Kansas
RUDY BOSCHWITZ, Minnesota
LARRY PRESSLER, South Dakota
FRANK H. MURKOWSKI, Alaska
PAUL S. TRIBLE, JR., Virginia
DANIEL J. EVANS, Washington
MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky
GERYLD B. CHRISTIANSON, Staff Director
JAMES P. LUCIER, Minority Staff Director
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NARCOTICS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS
JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman
BROCK ADAMS, Washington
DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN, New York
MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky
FRANK H. MURKOWSKI, Alaska
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
• Letter of Transmittal
• 1. Executive Summary and Conclusions
o Past Failures
o Policy and Priorities
o Administrative Recommendations
o Specific Legislative Recommendations
• 2. Introduction
o Origins and Methodology
o The Scope of the Threat
o Domestic Effects of International Drug Trafficking
o Effects on Foreign Countries
o The National Security Implications of the Drug Trade
o Synopsis of the Report
o Open Issues and Subjects Requiring Further Investigation
• 3. The Bahamas
o Introduction
o Growth of Official Corruption with Vesco and Bannister
o Use of Norman's Cay for Smuggling
o Response by U.S. to Lehder Problem
o Extent of Bahamian Corruption Today
o Bahamas Seeks to Influence U.S. Policymakers
o Bahamian "Cooperation"
o Conclusions
o Appendix: State Declassified Material
• 4. Colombia
o Introduction
o Origins of Narcotics Trafficking in Colombia
o Origin of the Cartels
o Organization and Wealth
o The Cartel's War Against the Colombian Government
o Adequacy of Legal and Law Enforcement Measures
o Conclusions
• 5. Narcotics Traffickers and the Contras
o Introduction
o Executive Branch Response to Contra Drug Allegations
o The Guns and Drug Smuggling Infrastructure Develops
o Drug Trafficking and the Covert War
o The Pilots
o U.S. Government Funds and Companies with Drug Connections
A. SETCO/HONDU CARIB
B. FRIGORIFICOS DE PUNTERENNAS
C. DIACSA
D. VORTEX
o The case of George Morales and FRS/ARDE
o John Hull
o San Francisco Frogman Case, UDN-FARN and PCNE
o The Cuban-American Connection
o Ramon-Milian Rodriguez and Felix Rodriguez
• 6. Cuba and Nicaragua
o Introduction
o Historical Background
o Cuba As a Way-Station for Smugglers
o Case History: George Morales
o Ideological Use of Drugs
o Cuba, Panama and the Cartel
o Castro Denies Involvement
o Allegations Concerning Nicaragua
o Summary and Conclusions
• 7. Haiti
o Introduction
o The Colombians Move In
o The Miami Connection
o DEA's Operations in Miami and in Haiti
o Conclusions
• 8. Honduras
o Introduction
o History of Narcotics Trafficking in Honduras
o Bueso-Rosa, Latchinian and Narco-Terrorism
o Ramon Matta Ballesteros
o Rigoberto Regalado Lara
o Policy Issues
• 9. Panama
o Introduction
o Origins of Corruption in Money Laundering
o Early Panamanian Involvement in Narcotics
o Noriega's Corruption of Panamanian Institutions
o Noriega's Involvement in the Arms Business
o Noriega and the Cartel
o Noriega's U.S. Partners
o U.S. Knowledge of Noriega's Activities
o Why Did the U.S. Fail to Respond to Noriega Allegations?
o Mixed Messages
o Conclusion
o Appendix: GAD-NSC Correspondence
• 10. Money
o Introduction
o Defining the Problem of Money Laundering
o The Bank Secrecy Act Restricts Money Laundering
o The International Loophole
o Case Histories
Cayman Islands
Bahamas
Panama
o One Money Launderer's Experience
o U.S. Response to the Problem
o Effectiveness of Current Reporting Requirements
o Summary and Conclusions
• 11. Law Enforcement vs. National Security: Confused Priorities
o Introduction
o Barry Seal and the Cartel
o Bueso-Rosa and the Contras
o Intelligence vs. Law Enforcement
o Misguided Priorities
o Consequences of Privatizing U.S. Foreign Policy
o Case Studies
Michael Palmer
Frank Camper
Richard Brennecke
Conclusion
• 12. Conclusions
o National Security Issues
o Federal Priorities
o Covert Activity Issues
o Law Enforcement Issues
o Money Laundering Issues
o Personnel Issues
o Neutrality Act
• Appendixes
• A. Narcotics and the North Notebooks
o Summary
o Committee Action
o Selected Drug Related Entries
• B. Allegations of Interference With the Committee Investigation
o Allegations of Interference
o Chronology
• C. Witness List
o Witnesses
o Writs
o Subpoenas
o Depositions
• Appendix
• The Exhibits consist of documents referred to in footnotes.
• ABA Report, 1988, "Criminal Justice in Crisis"
• State Department International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), March 1988, Paraguay
• State Department INCSR, 1989, Mexico
• London Sunday Times Magazine, September 29, 1985: Paradise Lost
• State Department INCSR, 1988, Bahamas
• NBC Nightly News, April 30, 1987
• State Department INCSR, 1988, Bahamas
• State Department INCSR, 1989, Bahamas
• Black, Manafort and Stone, Proposal for the Government of the Bahamas
• Bruce Bagley, "Colombia and the War on Drugs," Foreign Affairs
• State Department INCSR, 1987, Colombia
• The Miami Herald, November 29, 1987, "The Medellin Cartel"
• The Miami Herald, December 2, 1987, "Little Man Led to Big Drug Bust"
• The Miami Herald, December 3, 1987, "Cartel's Killers Stalked Heroic Cop For a Year"
• State Department INCSR, 1988, Colombia
• State Dept. Doc. No. 3079c "Allegations of Misconduct of the Nicaraguan Resistance," March, 1986
• State Dept. Doc. No. 5136c "Allegations of Drug Trafficking and the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance," July 26, 1986
• North Notebooks, "Pastora Revealed as Drug Dealer"
• Memo, Robert Owen to Oliver North, April 1, 1985
• Letter, Eden Pastora to Elliot Abrams and David Sullivan, April 10, 1986
• Customs Report, Guy Penilton Owen, May 9, 1983
• Shippers Export Declaration, R/M Equipment, Inc., for Hondu Carib Cargo to Armed Forces of Honduras February 28, 1985
• Notebook found aboard Hondu Carib plane, "Rob Owens"
• Statements, Carlos Soto, in re: Luis Rodriguez, April 3, 1987
• Statements, Carlos Soto, in re: Luis Rodriguez, May 8, 1987
• Statements, Carlos Soto, in re: Luis Rodriguez, June 17, 1987
• Florida Dept. of Law Enforcement Investigative Report, Eugenio Garcia, April 4, 1987
• Testimony of Carlos Soto, September 29, 1987
• Indictment, U.S. v. Floyd Carlton-Caceres et al.
• Affidavit of DEA Agent Moritz, U.S. v. Carlton
• U.S. v. Caballero Motion for Permission to Travel
• Indictment, U.S. v. Luis Rodriguez
• Frigorificos Account, NHAO< GAO Summary
• NHAO Signature Cards, Frigorificos de Punterennas
• NHAO Records, Frigorificos
• Ocean Hunter, Inc. corporate records
• Mr. Shrimp; NCP Trading Florida corp. records
• Aquarius Seafood, Florida corp. records
• FBI Investigative Report of George Kiszynski, from DC Diaz re Continental Bank Bombing
• Letter from John C. Lawn to Senator Kerry re: Morales Polygraph, January 13, 1989
• North notebook entries re "John Hull"
• Newsweek, "The CIA Blows An Asset"
• San Francisco Examiner, letter to the Editor from U.S. Attorney Joseph Russoniello
• Teletype to FBI Director re Zavala/Cabezas
• CBS Evening News, June 12, 1986
• State Department documents, NHAO, back up documents to Frigorificos de Punterennas notarized by "Francisco Aviles Saenz"
• FBI 302's of George Kiszynski, including statements of Rafael Tores Jimenez, Rene Corvo, Joseph Marcos, Francisco Hernandez
• San Francisco Examiner, "Big Bay Area Cocaine Ring Tied to Contras," March 16, 1986
• Letter from John Bolton to Senator Claiborne Pell and Senator Richard G. Lugar, August 11, 1986
• All Things Considered, May 5, 1986
• Shippers Export Declaration, Florida Air Leasing Corp., March 6, 1985, for "medical supplies" for "Salvadoran Refugees"
• Florida Aircraft Leasing Corp Invoice to "American Flyers," for Fort Lauderdale-San Salvador-Ford Lauderdale
• Florida Aircraft Leasing Declaration, March 6, 1985
• Business Cards, Moises Nunez, Frank Chanes, from FBI Investigative Files released in U.S. v. Corbo
• Customs Report, interview with Ramon Milian Rodriguez, May 6, 1983
• FBI 302, interview with Frank Castro:
o August 10, 1987
o August 20, 1987
o March 8, 1985
• Customs Report, interview with Ramon Milian Rodriguez, May 4, 1983
• Redacted copy of DEA interview of "Miami Attorney"
• State Department INCSR, 1988:
o Cuba
o Haiti
o Honduras
• New York Times, "Military Officers in Honduras Linked to Drug Trade," February 12, 1988, James LeMoyne
• Washington Post, December 7, 1987, "U.S. Looks at Honduras as Drug Transfer Point"
• Memorandum from Jose Blandon to Subcommittee, February 1988
• Panama A Haven For Traffickers, Knut Royce, June 1985
• The Times Union, June 10, 1985, "Panama military officers deemed drug traffickers," Knut Royce
• New York Times, "Panamanian Strongman Said to Trade in Drugs, Arms and Illicit Money," June 12, 1986, Seymour Hersh
• NBC Nightly News, February 22, 1989
• Reuters, February 25, 1987, re Bueso-Rosa
• AP, February 25, 1987, "North Erred in Defending Convicted Honduran," George Gedda
• AP, April 14, 1987, "North Got FBI Report on Contra-Supply Probe, Officials Say"
• Report, Pegasus/Camper, December 12, 1984
• MemCom, Jeffrey Feldman, November 18, 1987, Internal Security Section, Criminal Division, Justice Department
• Christian Science Monitor, "Justice Officials Find No Crime Link to Contra Leaders," May 6, 1986, Warren Richey
• U.S. Department of Justice, Memo from Ken Bergquist to Steve Trott, re Upcoming "Contra" Hearings in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, May 13, 1986
• Attendees at May 6, 1986 Meeting Between Foreign Relations Committee and government agencies
• Messick MemCom, May 6, 1986 meeting
• Deposition of Leon B. Kellner, Esq., November 8, 1989
• Narcotics Investigation, October 5, 1988 (with attachments)
• Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy, Central America, September 28, 1987 (with attachments)
• Deposition of Thomas E. Marum, October 25, 1988
• Deposition of Mark N. Richard, November 7, 1988